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The urine culture and sensitivity test is a crucial diagnostic tool for detecting and identifying bacteria or yeast causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). This test combines two components:

- A urine culture: to grow and identify the microorganisms present in the urine and

- A sensitivity test: to determine which antibiotics are effective against the identified bacteria or fungi.

While urine is typically sterile, the presence of infectious agents in a urine culture indicates a UTI.

Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections that affect the urinary system, including the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra. UTIs are more prevalent in women due to their shorter urethra, which facilitates the easier entry of bacteria into the bladder. The infections can range from mild bladder infections (cystitis) to more severe kidney infections (pyelonephritis). Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.

Symptoms and Causes of UTIs

UTIs present with various symptoms that can significantly impact daily life. Common symptoms include:

• A strong, persistent urge to urinate
• A burning sensation during urination
• Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
• Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Pelvic pain in women, especially in the center of the pelvis and around the area of the pubic bone

The primary cause of UTIs is the entry of bacteria into the urinary tract. Escherichia coli (E. coli), normally found in the digestive system, is the most common culprit. Other bacteria, such as Klebsiella and Proteus species, can also cause infections. UTIs can result from sexual activity, certain birth control methods, menopause, urinary tract abnormalities, blockages, and a suppressed immune system.