The Liver Function Test (LFT) is a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing liver health and diagnosing various liver conditions. By measuring key enzymes, proteins, and substances in the blood, the LFT provides critical insights into liver function and helps monitor disease progression or treatment efficacy. Regular testing and consultation with healthcare professionals are essential for managing liver health and preventing severe complications.
Test Overview
The Liver Function Test (LFT) is a comprehensive diagnostic tool used to assess the health and functionality of the liver. This test measures levels of specific enzymes and proteins in the blood, providing insights into the liver's ability to perform its critical functions. The results of the LFT can help diagnose liver diseases, monitor the progression of liver conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing treatments.
The liver is an essential organ in the human body, playing a critical role in various physiological processes. It is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances, producing bile to aid digestion, storing nutrients, and regulating blood clotting. Given its multifaceted functions, any disturbance in liver function can have significant implications for overall health.
Clinical Utility
The Liver Function Test (LFT) includes ALT/AST ratio (De Ritis) ratio aids as an adjunct along with other tests in identifying alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Associated tests Fibrosis-4 is useful in risk stratification for liver fibrosis in patients with liver disorders.
Common Liver Diseases
Hepatitis: This inflammation of the liver can be caused by viral infections (Hepatitis A, B, C), autoimmune diseases, or toxins.
Fatty Liver Disease: Characterised by the accumulation of fat in liver cells, this condition can be either alcohol-related or non-alcoholic (NAFLD).
Cirrhosis: Progressive scarring of the liver tissue resulting from chronic liver damage, commonly due to long-term alcohol use or viral hepatitis.
Liver Cancer: Often a consequence of chronic liver conditions, liver cancer is a severe illness that can significantly impact liver function.
Symptoms of Liver Disease
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels.
Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen.
Fatigue and Weakness: Persistent tiredness that affects daily activities.
Loss of Appetite: Reduced desire to eat, potentially leading to weight loss.
Fluid Retention: Swelling in the abdomen or legs caused by fluid accumulation.
Bruising and Bleeding: Increased tendency to bruise or bleed easily.
Causes of Liver Disease
Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Prolonged alcohol use can lead to liver damage and diseases such as alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
Viral Infections: Hepatitis viruses are major causes of liver inflammation and damage.
Obesity and Diabetes: Conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Genetic Disorders: Inherited conditions such as hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease can affect liver function.
Medications and Toxins: Certain medications and exposure to environmental toxins can contribute to liver damage.
Conclusion
The Liver Function Test (LFT) is a comprehensive diagnostic tool used to assess the health and functionality of the liver. This test measures levels of specific enzymes and proteins in the blood, providing insights into the liver's ability to perform its critical functions. The results of the LFT can help diagnose liver diseases, monitor the progression of liver conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing treatments.
Test(s) Included (11)
LIVER FUNCTION TEST (LFT) (11)
BILIRUBIN, TOTAL
BILIRUBIN CONJUGATED (DIRECT)
BILIRUBIN (INDIRECT)
ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT/SGPT)
ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (AST/SGOT)
AST (SGOT) / ALT (SGPT) RATIO (DE RITIS)
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
PROTEIN, TOTAL
ALBUMIN
GLOBULIN
A/G RATIO
FAQ's
What is the Liver Function Test (LFT)?
The Liver Function Test (LFT) includes a range of blood tests designed to evaluate liver health by measuring various enzymes, proteins, and substances. These components include:
? Alanine Transaminase (ALT): An enzyme primarily found in the liver. Elevated ALT levels often indicate liver inflammation or damage.
? Aspartate Transaminase (AST): An enzyme present in the liver and other tissues. High levels of AST can suggest liver or muscle damage.
? Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): An enzyme related to the bile ducts. Increased levels may point to bile duct obstruction or liver disease.
? Albumin: A protein produced by the liver, with low levels indicating potential liver dysfunction.
? Total Protein: Measures all proteins in the blood, including albumin and globulins, which can reflect liver health.
? Bilirubin: A by-product of red blood cell breakdown. Elevated bilirubin levels can indicate liver dysfunction or bile duct issues.
? Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT): An enzyme that helps detect liver or bile duct disease. Elevated levels are often associated with liver damage or bile duct obstruction.
Who Should Get the Liver Function Test (LFT)?
The LFT is recommended for individuals who:
? Exhibit Symptoms: Such as jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss.
? Have Risk Factors: Including a history of heavy alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis exposure, or family history of liver disease.
? Are on Medications: Certain drugs may impact liver function, necessitating regular monitoring through LFT.
? Have Pre-existing Conditions: Such as diabetes or obesity, which are associated with liver issues.
? Need Monitoring: For known liver diseases to assess disease progression or treatment efficacy.
What Does the Liver Function Test (LFT) Measure?
The LFT measures the following components to assess liver health:
? ALT and AST Levels: Elevated levels of these enzymes can indicate liver inflammation or damage.
? ALP Levels: Increased ALP levels may suggest bile duct problems or liver disease.
? Albumin and Total Protein: Low levels of albumin or total protein can reflect liver dysfunction.
? Bilirubin Levels: High bilirubin levels may indicate liver or bile duct issues.
? GGT Levels: Elevated GGT levels can help identify liver or bile duct disease, often related to alcohol use or medication effects.
How to Prepare for the Liver Function Test (LFT)?
Preparation for an LFT is generally straightforward:
? Fasting: Although not always necessary, fasting for 8-12 hours before the test can improve accuracy, particularly for glucose-related components.
? Hydration: Maintain normal hydration but avoid excessive intake just before the test.
? Medication Disclosure: Inform your healthcare provider of any medications or supplements you are taking, as they may affect the test results.
? Avoid Alcohol: Refrain from consuming alcohol for at least 24 hours before the test to prevent altered results.
Why Apollo Diagnostics
Apollo Diagnostics holds the distinction of being India's first laboratory to achieve ISO certification for logistics. This underscores the company's unwavering commitment to quality assurance with GRL lab (NABL & CAP accredited), backed by a team of highly trained professionals. With a vast network of over 1500+ diagnostic centres, strategically located across the country, Apollo Diagnostics processes over 10 million diverse tests every year, demonstrating its extensive reach and calibre. The company provides a comprehensive range of diagnostic services, encompassing a wide spectrum of tests, including those related to diabetes, heart health, kidney function, thyroid disorders, liver health, infertility and many more. The company's service portfolio encompasses a wide array of disciplines, including biochemistry, microbiology, serology, haematology, immunology, molecular, genomics and clinical pathology, among others.
