Types of Dengue & Their Symptoms: All You Need To Know

Dengue fever is often associated with high fever, body pain, and weakness. But did you know that there are different types of dengue, each with its own set of symptoms and severity?

Whether you're trying to understand the difference between mild and severe dengue or exploring the types of dengue tests available, this blog aims to simplify what can often feel overwhelming. Knowing the types of dengue and symptoms can help you make timely health decisions, especially during the monsoon season when the risk is highest.

Understanding Dengue Fever

Dengue is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. There are four dengue virus serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. A person can be infected with any of these four, and in some cases, more than once over time.

The infection can result in a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild fever to severe complications. These variations are grouped into four types of dengue, each requiring different levels of medical attention.

4 Types of Dengue: An Overview

Here’s a quick breakdown of the types of dengue fever recognized by healthcare professionals:

Each type progresses differently and may affect individuals based on age, immunity, and prior infections.

Classic Dengue Fever (DF)

Also referred to as simple dengue, this is the most common form and usually resolves with supportive care.

Common Symptoms:

• Sudden high fever (104°F or above)
• Severe headaches
• Pain behind the eyes
• Joint and muscle pain (often called "breakbone fever")
• Mild rash
• Fatigue

This type usually lasts about 7–10 days, and many people recover completely with adequate hydration and rest. However, it’s important to monitor symptoms closely.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a more serious form of the illness. It generally develops after a second infection with a different dengue serotype and involves blood-related complications.

Symptoms Include:

• All symptoms of classic dengue
• Bleeding under the skin, from the nose or gums
• Bruising easily
• Low platelet count
• Leaky blood vessels leading to fluid accumulation
• Sudden drop in blood pressure

Medical attention is essential at this stage to prevent complications.

Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)

Dengue Shock Syndrome is the most severe form and can be life-threatening if not managed promptly. It occurs when DHF leads to significant blood loss or fluid leakage, resulting in shock.

Symptoms to Watch For:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Vomiting (possibly with blood)
• Restlessness or fatigue
• Rapid pulse or weak pulse
• Cold, clammy skin
• Difficulty breathing
• Severe drop in blood pressure

DSS requires immediate medical intervention and hospital care.

Asymptomatic Dengue

Not all dengue infections lead to noticeable illness. Asymptomatic dengue means the virus is present in the body, but the person shows no outward signs.

Possible Scenarios:

• Common among children or individuals with stronger immune systems
• Often goes undetected unless a blood test is done
• Can still contribute to transmission if a mosquito bites the infected person

Although this type doesn’t cause discomfort, it plays a role in the overall spread of the disease.

Types of Dengue Test for Diagnosis

Identifying which type of dengue a person has typically begins with lab testing. The types of dengue tests available today help detect both the virus and the body’s response to it.

1. NS1 Antigen Test

• Detects the dengue virus protein
• Useful in the first 1–5 days of symptoms

2. IgM and IgG Antibody Tests

• IgM appears ~5 days after onset
• IgG indicates past or secondary infection
• Helpful in understanding if it's a primary or secondary dengue case

3. RT-PCR Test

• Detects viral genetic material
• Offers a highly accurate diagnosis in early stages

4. Complete Blood Count (CBC)

• Monitors platelet and white blood cell levels
• Repeated tests help track disease progression

When to Seek Medical Advice

Here’s a basic guideline to help you understand when it’s time to act:

• Mild symptoms like fever and fatigue: Consider early testing, especially if dengue is suspected in your area.
• Worsening symptoms like bleeding, persistent vomiting, or abdominal pain: Seek urgent medical attention.
• History of past dengue infection: Be extra cautious as secondary infections may be more severe.

If you're unsure, consult a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis can help manage the infection more effectively.

Conclusion

Dengue is not a one-size-fits-all illness. From classic fever to more serious forms like DHF and DSS, the disease can manifest in multiple ways. Knowing the types of dengue and symptoms not only helps in early detection but also supports timely treatment decisions.

Whether you’re trying to understand the 4 types of dengue or looking into the types of dengue tests that confirm diagnosis, staying informed is the first step toward better health.

Apollo Diagnostics offers comprehensive dengue testing options, from antigen and antibody tests to advanced PCR-based detection, to help you and your family stay prepared during dengue season. Talk to a healthcare professional today if you experience symptoms or need guidance on testing.