Cortisol

Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which helps in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and proteins as well as to manage the levels of stress in the body. The levels of cortisol are affected by stress, injury, disease, infection or strenuous activity. When the pituitary glands secrete the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the blood, the levels of cortisol in the blood increase. The cortisol test thus measures the levels of cortisol in the blood and helps in the detection of problems associated with the adrenal or pituitary glands.

Why is the test ordered?

A cortisol test is ordered to detect the issues associated with the adrenal and pituitary glands and to determine whether these glands are producing enough hormones. Some conditions like Cushing's disease and Addison's disease affect cortisol production and the test is thus, helpful in diagnosing these conditions.

When is the test required?

A cortisol test may be ordered if an individual shows symptoms indicative of high cortisol levels, such as

High sugar levels

High blood pressure

Muscle weakness

Fragile skin

Obesity

Osteoporosis

The test may also be ordered if the symptoms are indicative of low cortisol levels, such as

Low blood pressure

Fatigue

Muscle weakness

Weight loss

Abdominal pain

Dark patches on the skin

How is the sample collected?

A blood sample is collected from a vein in the arm.

How to prepare for the test?

Instructions may be given pertaining to timing of the sample collection, activities or resting. The day before the test, the person undergoing the test may be advised to avoid heavy workouts or physical activity. Certain medicines like steroids may affect the test results, and therefore, it is important to tell the doctor about all the medicines that the patient might be taking.

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